Introduction

Column

Introduction

Corporations & Environmental Impacts: Are We Watching the Planet Burn?

Climate change is an ever-increasing threat to human existence. As we go about our day to day lives, many animals are pushed out of their natural habitats by the consequences (and causes) of climate change, resulting in many endangered or extinct species. Asthma cases become ever more prevalent as more smog fills the skies. New and unusual diseases and illnesses occurs begin to take root in human populations. What has changed?

Corporations have taken root in society. Their presence overwrites much of the work being done by people on the ground- after all, who can keep up with billions of dollars being put to use? The goal of this project was to get a scope of the situation- who’s causing the problems, what problems are those, and how might we solve them before it’s too late?

As a person who is both deeply invested in science and civics, I believe in finding the overlap between those two. Science can be used to change the world- for good or for bad- and it is our responsibility to use science to spread good. If my community is impacted by a company dumping poisonous chemicals in the water supply, I want to be part of the solution.

Methodology

The first data set was from Kaggle, however I noticed some issues in the excel file. I had attempted to separate some values, but the numbers weren’t making sense. As a result, I looked for the original dataset. In this search, I also found the paper and practitioner guide for this dataset. The impact factors and environmental variables are calculated from other variables included in the practitioner guide.

I utilized R to perform clustering analysis and to format this dashboard. Tableau was used to formulate EDA graphics and maps. These visuals were uploaded to Tableau Public and added into the markdown document. All other visuals were made by me as well.

Column

Variables

  • Year: when the environmental impact occurred
  • Company Name
  • Country: where company headquarters are located
  • Industry: based on Exiobase industry categories
  • Environmental Intensity (Sales): monetized environmental impact of the company’s operations that year divided by revenue in that year
  • Environmental Intensity (Op Inc): monetized environmental impact of the company’s operations that year divided by operating costs in that year
  • Total Environmental Cost: monetized environmental impact of the company’s operations that year

Safeguards

There are eight “safeguard subjects” made up of state indicators that measure the current state.

  • Working Capacity: human health effects from climate change, air pollution, and toxicity
  • Fish Production Capacity: acidification, eutrophication, climate change, amd toxicity
  • Crop Production Capacity: soil degradation, air pollution
  • Meat Production Capacity: soil degradation, climate change, land use, and toxicity
  • Biodiversity: land use and toxicity
  • Water Production Capacity: climate change, land use, and water pollution
  • Wood production Capacity: climate change, air pollution, and land use
  • Abiotic Resources: imapcts from mining

UN SDG

These are goals set by the United Nations as part of their sustainabel development goals, set to be attained by 2030. By 2030,

  • 1.5: build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable
  • 2.1: end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.
  • 2.2: end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons.
  • 2.3: double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.
  • 2.4: ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.
  • 3.3: end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases.
  • 3.4: reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.
  • 3.9: substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
  • 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
  • 12.2: achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources.
  • 14.1: By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution.
  • 14.2: By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.
  • 14.3: Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels.
  • 14.c: Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources.
  • 15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements.
  • 15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally.
  • 15.5: Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.

EDA

Column

Countries

Industries

Companies

Companies

UN-5

SDG 2.1

SDG 6

SDG 15.5

Over Time

Clustering

Column

K-Means 1

K-Means 2

Column

Hierarchial 1

Hierarchial 2

Maps

Column

Sales

Cost

Biodiversity

Abiotic

Crop

Fish

Meat

Water

Wood

Work

Summary

Column

Summary and Limitations

Based on the exploratory data analysis, we can see that many first world countries are responsible for environmental impacts that are tied to climate change. One limitation of the data is there is no indication of whether or not a country is being exploited (such as political motivations), causing certain countries that would otherwise have worse economies to be represented more. Food, telecommunications, manufacturing, mining, real estate, and financial intermediation are some of the most impactful industries. Some corporations, such as Coca-Cola Europacific and Carnival have positive environmental costs whereas a much greater number of companies have negative environmental costs.

In terms of policy, the US is the biggest roadblock for many UN SDGs. The US is also usually the most highlighted in the mapping section, except for wood production which is more evenly spread out.

Column

Conclusion and Moving Forward

While one individual cannot stop climate, a multitude of people and collective actions can. The United States has far less restrictive environmental policy due to corporate lobbying. While it would be nice for US representatives to act in favor of the environment, eligible voters can focus on electing representatives who are environmentally friendly and engaging with them to convince them to vote on legislation.

As people of this planet, we can also make changes in our own lives as well. It is possible to find more environmentally friendly companies, such as local small businesses, to help fight against climate change. We can also spread awareness of the issue and bring light to the importance of protecting the safeguard subjects and achieving the UN SDGs.

References

Author

Column

Hello

Caralina Lynn Crouch is a chemistry student at the University of Dayton. She is also pursuing a Data Analytics minor and is a member of the Dayton Civic Scholars 2025 Cohort. Her interests include exploring the overlap of science and community while also keeping her artist identity in mind.

You can keep up to date with her on LinkedIn.

Column

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title: "Corporations and Environmental Impacts"
output: 
  flexdashboard::flex_dashboard:
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<style>
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```{r setup, include=FALSE}
library(flexdashboard)
pacman::p_load(circlize, chorddiag, DT, knitr, plotly, tidyverse, readxl, cluster, factoextra, fpc)
eci <- read.csv("D:/Classwork/Year 3/MTH 208/project/Corporate-Environmental-Impact-Data-2020cleaned.csv")
glimpse(eci)  
```

Introduction 
===

Column {.tabset data-width=500}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Introduction

**Corporations & Environmental Impacts: Are We Watching the Planet Burn?**

Climate change is an ever-increasing threat to human existence. As we go about our day to day lives, many animals are pushed out of their natural habitats by the consequences (and causes) of climate change, resulting in many endangered or extinct species. Asthma cases become ever more prevalent as more smog fills the skies. New and unusual diseases and illnesses occurs begin to take root in human populations. What has changed?

Corporations have taken root in society. Their presence overwrites much of the work being done by people on the ground- after all, who can keep up with billions of dollars being put to use? The goal of this project was to get a scope of the situation- who’s causing the problems, what problems are those, and how might we solve them before it’s too late?

As a person who is both deeply invested in science and civics, I believe in finding the overlap between those two. Science can be used to change the world- for good or for bad- and it is our responsibility to use science to spread good. If my community is impacted by a company dumping poisonous chemicals in the water supply, I want to be part of the solution.


### Methodology

The first data set was from Kaggle, however I noticed some issues in the excel file. I had attempted to separate some values, but the numbers weren’t making sense. As a result, I looked for the original dataset. In this search, I also found the paper and practitioner guide for this dataset. The impact factors and environmental variables are calculated from other variables included in the practitioner guide. 

I utilized R to perform clustering analysis and to format this dashboard. Tableau was used to formulate EDA graphics and maps. These visuals were uploaded to Tableau Public and added into the markdown document. All other visuals were made by me as well. 


Column {.tabset data-width=500}
-----------

### Variables

+ Year: when the environmental impact occurred
+ Company Name
+ Country: where company headquarters are located
+ Industry: based on Exiobase industry categories
+ Environmental Intensity (Sales): monetized environmental impact of the company's operations that year divided by revenue in that year
+ Environmental Intensity (Op Inc): monetized environmental impact of the company's operations that year divided by operating costs in that year
+ Total Environmental Cost: monetized environmental impact of the company's operations that year

### Safeguards
There are eight "safeguard subjects" made up of state indicators that measure the current state.

+ Working Capacity: human health effects from climate change, air pollution, and toxicity
+ Fish Production Capacity: acidification, eutrophication, climate change, amd toxicity
+ Crop Production Capacity: soil degradation, air pollution
+ Meat Production Capacity: soil degradation, climate change, land use, and toxicity
+ Biodiversity: land use and toxicity
+ Water Production Capacity: climate change, land use, and water pollution
+ Wood production Capacity: climate change, air pollution, and land use
+ Abiotic Resources: imapcts from mining



### UN SDG
These are goals set by the United Nations as part of their sustainabel development goals, set to be attained by 2030.
By 2030,

+ 1.5: build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable
+ 2.1: end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.
+ 2.2: end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons.
+ 2.3: double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.
+ 2.4: ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.
+ 3.3:  end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases.
+ 3.4:  reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.
+ 3.9: substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
+ 6:  Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
+ 12.2: achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources.
+ 14.1: By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution.
+ 14.2: By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.
+ 14.3: Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels.
+ 14.c: Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources.
+ 15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements.
+ 15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally.
+ 15.5: Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.


EDA 
===

Column {.tabset data-width=1000}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Countries

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1714077617886' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Most Mentioned Countries ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;Co&#47;CountriesMentioned&#47;Sheet4&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='CountriesMentioned&#47;Sheet4' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;Co&#47;CountriesMentioned&#47;Sheet4&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /></object></div>               
```{js, countries, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                   var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1714077617886');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                
```

### Industries

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1714078030300' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Industries Mentioned 100 or More Times ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;In&#47;IndustriesMentioned&#47;Sheet3&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='IndustriesMentioned&#47;Sheet3' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;In&#47;IndustriesMentioned&#47;Sheet3&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /></object></div>               

```{js, industries, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                 var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1714078030300');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                
```


### Companies

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1714078091304' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Environmental Cost by Company (Positive Values) ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;EC&#47;ECPositive&#47;Sheet1&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='ECPositive&#47;Sheet1' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;EC&#47;ECPositive&#47;Sheet1&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /></object></div>               

```{js, company1, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                   var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1714078091304');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                
```


### Companies 

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1714078138023' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Environmental Cost by Company (Negative Values) ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;EC&#47;ECNegative&#47;Sheet12&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='ECNegative&#47;Sheet12' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;EC&#47;ECNegative&#47;Sheet12&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /></object></div>                

```{js, company2, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1714078138023');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);              
```


### UN-5

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1714078223535' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='UN Big 5: Environmental Cost ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;Bi&#47;Big5EC&#47;Sheet64&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='Big5EC&#47;Sheet64' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;Bi&#47;Big5EC&#47;Sheet64&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /></object></div>               

```{js, un5, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                    var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1714078223535');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);              
```


### SDG 2.1

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1714078277239' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Who in the UN Big 5 is Stopping Progress for SDG 2.1? ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;SD&#47;SDG2_1_17139784976040&#47;Sheet6&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='SDG2_1_17139784976040&#47;Sheet6' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;SD&#47;SDG2_1_17139784976040&#47;Sheet6&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /></object></div>              

```{js, sdg2, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                    var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1714078277239');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                
```


### SDG 6

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1714078339328' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Who in the UN Big 5 is Stopping Progress for SDG 6? ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;SD&#47;SDG6_17139785201610&#47;Sheet62&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='SDG6_17139785201610&#47;Sheet62' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;SD&#47;SDG6_17139785201610&#47;Sheet62&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /></object></div>               

```{js, sdg6, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                   var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1714078339328');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);               
```


### SDG 15.5

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1714078368922' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Who in the UN Big 5 is Stopping Progress for SDG 15.5? ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;SD&#47;SDG15_5&#47;Sheet63&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='SDG15_5&#47;Sheet63' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;SD&#47;SDG15_5&#47;Sheet63&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /></object></div>                

```{js, sdg15, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                  var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1714078368922');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);            
```


### Over Time

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713371895380' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Environmental Cost ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;ti&#47;timeseriesenvcost&#47;Sheet1&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='timeseriesenvcost&#47;Sheet1' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;ti&#47;timeseriesenvcost&#47;Sheet1&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div> 

```{js, ts, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                   var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713371895380');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.5)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);               
```


Clustering 
===

Column {.tabset data-width=500}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### K-Means 1

```{r}
ecic <- subset(eci[,10:11])
clust <- na.omit(ecic)

ecic$Working.Capacity <- as.numeric(as.factor(ecic$Working.Capacity))
ecic$Total.Environmental.Cost <- as.numeric(as.factor(ecic$Total.Environmental.Cost))
kmeans_result <- kmeans(ecic,
centers = 4,
nstart = 20)

vcolor = c("#752338","#B71D3E","#A2580D","#C8B606")
par(bg = "white")
plot(ecic[,1], ecic[,2],
     col = vcolor[kmeans_result$cluster],
     pch = 19,
     main = "K Means Clustering of Cost and Working Capacity",
     xlab = "Total Environmental Cost",
     ylab = "Working Capacity",
       ) -> x
points(kmeans_result$centers[,1], kmeans_result$centers[,2],
       col = "black", pch = 8, cex = 2)


```


### K-Means 2

```{r}
ecib <- eci[, c("EnvironmentalIntensitySalesFinal", "Biodiversity")]
clust <- na.omit(ecib)

ecib$EnvironmentalIntensitySalesFinal <- as.numeric(as.factor(ecib$EnvironmentalIntensitySalesFinal))
ecib$Biodiversity <- as.numeric(gsub(",","", ecib$Biodiversity))

kmeans_result <- kmeans(ecib,
centers = 2,
nstart = 20)

vcolor = c("#752338","#B71D3E","#A2580D","#C8B606")

par(bg = "white")
plot(ecib[,1], ecib[,2],
     col = vcolor[kmeans_result$cluster],
     pch = 19,
     main = "K Means Clustering of Sales and Biodiversity",
     xlab = "Environmental Intensity Sales",
     ylab = "Biodiversity") -> x
points(kmeans_result$centers[,1], kmeans_result$centers[,2],
       col = "black", pch = 8, cex = 2)

```

Column {.tabset data-width=500}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Hierarchial 1

```{r}
ecix <- subset(eci[,9:10])
clust <- na.omit(ecic)

ecix$EnvironmentalIntensityOpInc <- as.numeric(as.factor(ecix$EnvironmentalIntensityOpInc))
ecix$Total.Environmental.Cost <- as.numeric(as.factor(ecix$Total.Environmental.Cost))

r <- dist(ecix)

hcr <- hclust(r, method = "complete")

par(bg = "white")
plot(hcr, labels = FALSE, hang = -1,
main = "Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram of Intensity and Cost",
xlab = "Distance")

```

### Hierarchial 2

```{r}
d <- dist(ecib)

hc <- hclust(d, method = "complete")

par(bg = "white")
plot(hc, labels = FALSE, hang = -1,
main = "Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram 
of Sales and Biodiversity",
xlab = "Distance",
ylab = "Height")
```


Maps 
===

Column {.tabset data-width=1000}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Sales

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713364225541' style='position: relative'>
<noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Environmental Intensity (Sales)  ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;SH&#47;SHYBQ85TG&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='path' value='shared&#47;SHYBQ85TG' /> <param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;SH&#47;SHYBQ85TG&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object>
</div>                

```{js, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713364225541');                    
var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    
scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                
```

### Cost

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713368088604' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Environmental Cost ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;en&#47;environmentalcost&#47;EnvCost&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='environmentalcost&#47;EnvCost' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;en&#47;environmentalcost&#47;EnvCost&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>              

```{js, map2, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                  var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713368088604');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                                        
```

### Biodiversity

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713368129970' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Biodiversity ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;bi&#47;biodiversity_17133680432790&#47;Biodiv&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='biodiversity_17133680432790&#47;Biodiv' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;bi&#47;biodiversity_17133680432790&#47;Biodiv&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>               

```{js, map3, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                                       var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713368129970');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                         
               
```


### Abiotic

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713368169283' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Abiotic Resources ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;ab&#47;abiotic&#47;Abiotic&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='abiotic&#47;Abiotic' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;ab&#47;abiotic&#47;Abiotic&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>                

```{js, map4, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                                    var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713368169283');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                                   
```


### Crop

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713368207334' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Crop Production Capacity ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;cr&#47;cropproduction_17133678492700&#47;CropProdCap&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='cropproduction_17133678492700&#47;CropProdCap' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;cr&#47;cropproduction_17133678492700&#47;CropProdCap&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>                  

```{js, map5, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                                   var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713368207334');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                                   
```


### Fish

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713367130393' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Fish Production Capacity ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;en&#47;envcost&#47;FishProdCap&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='envcost&#47;FishProdCap' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;en&#47;envcost&#47;FishProdCap&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>                

```{js, map6, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713367130393');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                
```


### Meat

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713367155403' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Meat Production Capacity ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;me&#47;meatprodcap&#47;MeatProdCap&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='meatprodcap&#47;MeatProdCap' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;me&#47;meatprodcap&#47;MeatProdCap&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>              

```{js, map7, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                   var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713367155403');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);               
```


### Water

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713367182160' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Water Production Capacity ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;wa&#47;waterprodcap&#47;WaterProd&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='waterprodcap&#47;WaterProd' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;wa&#47;waterprodcap&#47;WaterProd&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>                

```{js, map8, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                  var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713367182160');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);               
```


### Wood

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713367205393' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Wood Production Capacity ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;wo&#47;woodprodcap&#47;Wood&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='woodprodcap&#47;Wood' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;wo&#47;woodprodcap&#47;Wood&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>                

```{js, map9, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
          var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713367205393');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);              

```

### Work

<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713367235518' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Sum of Working Capacity ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;wo&#47;workcap&#47;Work&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='workcap&#47;Work' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;wo&#47;workcap&#47;Work&#47;1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /><param name='language' value='en-US' /><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' /></object></div>               
```{js, map10, embedcode, echo = FALSE}
                  var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713367235518');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px';                    var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                

```




Summary 
===

Column {data-width=500}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Summary and Limitations

Based on the exploratory data analysis, we can see that many first world countries are responsible for environmental impacts that are tied to climate change. One limitation of the data is there is no indication of whether or not a country is being exploited (such as political motivations), causing certain countries that would otherwise have worse economies to be represented more. Food, telecommunications, manufacturing, mining, real estate, and financial intermediation are some of the most impactful industries. Some corporations, such as Coca-Cola Europacific and Carnival have positive environmental costs whereas a much greater number of companies have negative environmental costs.

In terms of policy, the US is the biggest roadblock for many UN SDGs. The US is also usually the most highlighted in the mapping section, except for wood production which is more evenly spread out. 


Column {data-width=500}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Conclusion and Moving Forward

While one individual cannot stop climate, a multitude of people and collective actions can. The United States has far less restrictive environmental policy due to corporate lobbying. While it would be nice for US representatives to act in favor of the environment, eligible voters can focus on electing representatives who are environmentally friendly and engaging with them to convince them to vote on legislation. 

As people of this planet, we can also make changes in our own lives as well. It is possible to find more environmentally friendly companies, such as local small businesses, to help fight against climate change. We can also spread awareness of the issue and bring light to the importance of protecting the safeguard subjects and achieving the UN SDGs.


References
===

Column {data-width=500}
---

**References**

+[Practitioner Guide to Calculating Corporate Environmental Impact](https://ifvi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Practitioner-Guide-To-Calculating-Corporate-Environmental-Impact.pdf) 

+[Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data, and Information](https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Environmental%20Impact%20Draft%20Final%2010-8-22_0f521334-0a79-49e3-8637-518fb743a0a3.pdf)

+[HBS: Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data and Information](https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Corporate%20Environmental%20Impact%3A%20Measurement%2C%20Data%20)

+[Working Knowledge: Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data and Information](https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/corporate-environmental-impact-measurement-data-and-information)


Author 
===

Column {data-width=500}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Hello

Caralina Lynn Crouch is a chemistry student at the University of Dayton. She is 
also pursuing a Data Analytics minor and is a member of the Dayton Civic Scholars 
2025 Cohort. Her interests include exploring the overlap of science and community
while also keeping her artist identity in mind. 

You can keep up to date with her on [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/caralina-lynn-crouch-8015a8249/).

Column {data-width=500}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### 

![](D:/Classwork/Year 3/MTH 209/Final Project/small.jpg)